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Exploración de la gobernanza híbrida del océano en alta mar para el Mar de los Sargazos y el Domo Térmico

El proyecto de investigación
Resultados esperados

EL PROYECTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN

El nombre SARGADOM es el resultado de una combinación entre el Mar de los Sargazos, llamado así por la afloración del alga del Sargassum que mantiene la diversidad y productividad del ecosistema, y el Domo Térmico, un fenómeno oceanográfico caracterizado por aguas frías profundas que emergen y generan alta productividad primaria que mantiene una cadena alimenticia dinámica.

 

Con SARGADOM, queremos mejorar la protección de la biodiversidad para mantener los servicios ecosistémicos de estas dos áreas sensibles del alta mar, y facilitar el diseño de modelos híbridos de gobernanza del océano. Consideramos que ésta es una manera de lograr que el tratado de BBNJ sea más que una declaración, una herramienta efectiva para la gobernanza y protección del alta mar. Queremos contribuir a las negociaciones de Naciones Unidas y sobre todo, apoyar la fase de implementación del tratado. 

La alta mar representa el 64% del océano mundial. Se rige por la Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (CONVEMAR). Tiene un estatus internacional basado en dos regímenes jurídicos distintos: i) los fondos marinos situados más allá de la plataforma continental, cuyos recursos minerales están regulados por la Autoridad Internacional de los Fondos Marinos como parte del Patrimonio Común de la Humanidad, y ii) la columna de agua situada por encima de los fondos marinos, que se rige por el principio de Libertad de la Alta Mar.

Las actividades económicas que se desarrollan en alta mar están reguladas por los Estados, principalmente bajo la responsabilidad del Estado Pabellón. Sin embargo, por el momento no existe una base jurídica internacional para establecer zonas de protección que sean vinculantes para todos los usuarios. La Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (CONVEMAR) incluye el principio de no apropiación de la alta mar, lo que hace imposible que un Estado restrinja el acceso de una zona a otro Estado. Por lo tanto, la gestión sostenible de la alta mar plantea una serie de retos importantes.

La Convención de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Derecho del Mar (CONVEMAR) proporciona un marco para la gobernanza de las áreas situadas fuera de la jurisdicción nacional (ABNJ, por sus siglas en inglés); sin embargo, el sistema existente ha sido descrito como una «agenda inacabada». Hasta la fecha, el marco jurídico internacional y los regímenes de gestión regionales y/o sectoriales son incompletos y a menudo ineficaces. La necesidad de reflexionar sobre una acción global para la gobernanza y la gestión de estas áreas, que contemple el establecimiento de medidas de conservación y gestión, o la limitación de las actividades humanas para conservar la biodiversidad en ellas, se está debatiendo en la Asamblea General de la ONU desde 2004.
En este contexto, en 2017, tras un proceso de más de una década, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas (UNGA, siglas en inglés) estableció una conferencia intergubernamental para negociar un Instrumento Internacional Jurídicamente Vinculante sobre la conservación y el uso sostenible de la biodiversidad fuera de las áreas de jurisdicción nacional (BBNJ). Al final de la cuarta ronda de negociaciones, en marzo de 2021, los negociadores del parecen aceptar que es necesaria alguna forma de estructura de gobernanza mundial, a través de una Conferencia de las Partes (COP).

El Domo Térmico y el Mar de los Sargazos son dos lugares representativos de la diversidad e importancia de los ecosistemas de alta mar. Ilustran perfectamente el hecho de que los límites ecológicos (como la interconectividad de los ecosistemas) no se corresponden con las delimitaciones legales establecidas por la CONVEMAR. Se trata de sistemas dinámicos, que se mueven, se contraen y se expanden con las corrientes y los vientos. Se encuentran principalmente fuera de la jurisdicción nacional en alta mar, pero pueden «entrar» de forma permanente, regular o de vez en cuando las ZEE que están bajo la jurisdicción de los Estados.
La estrategia propuesta por el proyecto se basa en un análisis DPSIR (Catalizadores-Presión-Estado-Impacto-Respuesta) para cada sitio, y en un análisis de su gobernanza actual y de las posibles mejoras. Esto permitirá la elaboración de propuestas para mejorar la gobernanza y acordar el establecimiento de medidas de conservación y gestión adecuadas para los sitios. Se espera que los resultados de este trabajo ayuden a informar sobre la aplicación de futuros acuerdos en otras zonas de alta mar que deseen diseñar herramientas de gestión basadas en área (ABMT). Los conocimientos adquiridos también servirán de apoyo a la elaboración de acuerdos y planes de acción para el Domo Térmico y el Mar de los Sargazos.

¿POR QUÉ ESTOS DOS SITIOS?

El Domo Térmico y el Mar de los Sargazos son dos ecosistemas únicos que sirven como casos piloto para avanzar en la conservación de alta mar y también para probar y reflexionar sobre el concepto de gobernanza híbrida, que combina enfoques globales y regionales.

La elección de estos dos lugares se debe al estado relativamente avanzado de los conocimientos sobre estos dos ecosistemas de alta mar y a la actual participación de las partes interesadas en los debates sobre los posibles mecanismos de gobernanza. Otros factores son la especial importancia ecológica de estas zonas, la experiencia de los equipos ya existentes y su participación a nivel mundial. Por estas razones estos sitios, pueden aportar mucho para informar las discusiones del tratado de BBNJ. La eficacia de este tratado dependerá en gran medida de una buena comprensión de todos los aspectos involucrados en su implementación.

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El Domo Térmico

El Domo Térmico se extiende dentro y fuera de las Zonas Económicas Exclusivas (ZEE) de los países centroamericanos en el Pacífico Oriental Tropical. Se trata de un fenómeno producto de la convergencia de los vientos alisios y las corrientes marinas que provocan el ascenso de las aguas profundas, frías y ricas en nutrientes (upwelling). La termoclina se «eleva» así hasta unos 15 metros de la superficie, dando, por su forma de campana, su nombre de «Domo». El tamaño y la ubicación del Domo Térmico son dinámicos. Su superficie media es de 530.000 km2. Su zona central se encuentra alrededor de los 9°N y 90°W, a más de 65 km al oeste de los límites de las ZEE de Costa Rica y Nicaragua, es decir, más allá de sus respectivas jurisdicciones nacionales.

El Domo Térmico carece de un marco sólido y establecido de gobernanza regional. Sin embargo, cabe destacar la presencia de la Comisión Centroamericana de Ambiente y Desarrollo (CCAD). La CCAD, organización perteneciente al SICA (Sistema de Integración Centroamericana), fue creada en 1989. Su función es mejorar el patrimonio natural de la región mediante el uso razonable de los recursos y el control de la contaminación. A través de su comité competente en temas marinos, muestra un gran interés por la gobernanza y la gestión del Domo Térmico. Desde 2014, la ONG regional MarViva, con el apoyo del gobierno de Costa Rica y otros gobiernos centroamericanos, lidera una iniciativa para promover la gobernanza del Domo Térmico. 

image-section-51-min.png

El Mar de los Sargazos ​

Con una extensión de más de 5 millones de km2, el Mar de los Sargazos es un ecosistema único que se encuentra dentro del giro subtropical del Atlántico Norte. Toma su nombre del alga dorada que puebla su superficie, Sargassum, las dos especies dominantes son : Sargassum natans y S. fluitans. El Sargassum forma grandes alfombras e hileras en la superficie marina y actúa como base del ecosistema de alta mar.

El Mar de los Sargazos está bordeado por el flujo de las principales corrientes oceánicas: la Corriente del Golfo forma su límite occidental y la Corriente del Atlántico Norte su límite septentrional, la Corriente de Canarias actúa como un límite oriental más difuso y la Corriente Ecuatorial del Norte, junto con la Corriente del Caribe, forman el límite meridional. Sólo las islas de Bermuda tienen costa directa en el Mar de los Sargazos.

Desde 2010, el Proyecto del Mar de los Sargazos, desarrollado en asociación con  UICN y otros socios, y dirigido por el Gobierno de Bermuda, ha estado trabajando con una amplia gama de partes interesadas del gobierno, la academia y el sector privado, así como con colaboradores interesados, para llamar la atención de la comunidad internacional sobre la importancia del ecosistema del Mar de los Sargazos. 

 

Se busca utilizar las organizaciones internacionales competentes existentes para aplicar medidas de conservación para el Mar de los Sargazos, y utilizar este proceso como modelo para otras regiones. En 2014, los gobiernos se reunieron en Bermuda para firmar la Declaración de Hamilton sobre la Colaboración para la Conservación del Mar de los Sargazos, que a partir de 2022 cuenta con un total de diez gobiernos firmantes. Se trata de un acuerdo político no vinculante entre los gobiernos interesados situados en la amplia región del Mar de los Sargazos o con interés en la conservación de la alta mar. La Comisión del Mar de los Sargazos, un organismo independiente creado por una declaración política, ha sido descrita como un nuevo paradigma de gobernanza en alta mar.

RESULTADOS ESPERADOS

Los resultados esperados del proyecto son diferentes para los dos lugares de estudio. 

En el caso del Domo Térmico, se busca generar propuestas multisectoriales para la gobernanza y regulación de la alta mar, con énfasis en la pesca y la navegación. Estas propuestas serán presentadas a las partes interesadas de la ONU por parte de los gobiernos que forman parte del proceso. En el caso de la Comisión del Mar de los Sargazos, será un Programa de Acción Estratégica que se presentará para su aprobación a las principales partes interesadas, incluidos los signatarios de la Declaración de Hamilton.

 

A través del proceso de desarrollo de estructuras de gobernanza innovadoras para el Domo Térmico y el Mar de los Sargazos, el proyecto tendrá como objetivo obtener una visión y unos conocimientos que ayuden a formular recomendaciones para otros lugares o futuros acuerdos mundiales sobre alta mar.

Cifras clave

Sobre mi alta mar

0 %
del océano
0 M
de especies no identificadas
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del hábitat ocupado de la Tierra
SOCIOS

SARGADOM es el resultado de una colaboración internacional entre institutos de investigación, ONG, gestores de zonas marinas y financiadores públicos.

Socios implemetadores

Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences

Duke University Marine Lab – Nicholas School of the Environment

Imperial College

Neptune and company

OFB Oficina Francesa de Biodiversidad

Con el apoyo de

Fonds français pour l’environnement mondial

Global Fishing Watch

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration

University of Edinburgh

Global Environment Facility

  • The #raceforratification is on! The high seas treaty now has 75 signatures, including from the US, Costa Rica, France, UK, the EU and many more. These signatories as well as many others are key supporters for the SARGADOM project. What are the next steps? Now countries must ratify the treaty to reach that critical threshold of 60 ratifications that will bring the treaty into force. A state signing the treaty signifies its intent to ratify, but it does not compel them to do so. Ratification can be a longer process as states must review their laws to make sure they are compatible with the new treaty. We hope that the high ambition coalition will keep the pressure on to ratify this important treaty! Image credits Minna Epps Nichola Clark Kathryn Francis IUCN ocean team
  • Not so fast! Though the treaty has been signed by almost 70 coutries, it requires 60 RATIFICATIONS to bring it in to force. A state signing the treaty indicates its intent to ratify the treaty later, but it does not compel them to do so. The ratification process can take longer as countries must review and potentially change their national laws to make it compatible with the treaty. The UN fish stocks agreement required 30 ratifications and took 6 years to enter into force, and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea required 60 ratifications and took 12 years to come in to force. With global focus on multilateral cooperation, we sincerely hope that the BBNJ agreement can enter in to force much sooner. The countries that do not ratify the agreement will not be formally bound by it, but further down the line they may find themselves de facto bound by it under customary international law.
  • Tiger sharks are named for their distinctive striped skin, which fades as the shark matures. They can grow to large sizes, commonly reaching 10-13 feet, with some females even reaching 16 feet. Tiger sharks are known for eating a wide variety of prey - including fish, sea birds, sea snakes, dolphins, sea turtles, rays and other sharks - and even terrestrial prey where they can reach them like cats, dogs, and rats. Tiger sharks are also known as garbage eaters - license plates, oil cans and tires have been found in their stomachs. The only known recorded natural predator of tiger sharks are orcas. However, tiger sharks are targeted by humans for their fins, flesh, and liver, leading to their status as a near threatened species. Atlantic tiger shark populations have been shown to migrate, spending their winters in the Caribbean, and summers in the mid-Atlantic, including the Sargasso Sea and Bermuda. The Bermuda Tiger Shark Project has allowed researchers to tag sharks and track their migration, and has revealed that most sharks that visit Bermuda are adult males. Tiger sharks also occur in the Thermal Dome, along with many other notable species, including the endangered hammerhead, and vulnerable thresher shark.
  • Ahead of this meeting of the #ISA28 Council at @@isba_hq, an international opposition composed of players from all fields has formed against the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Scientists, NGOs, governments and companies have called on the international community to take political action to delay the exploitation of these resources as long as there are scientific uncertainties about their environmental impact. What are the positions of these stakeholders, and what political action are they calling for? #deepseamining
  • The precautionary principle is a well-established element of international law, which requires a precautionary approach to environmental issues when there is scientific uncertainty about the possible negative impacts of an activity. It is part of a system of rules designed to guide States' decision-making towards the goal of environmentally sustainable development. Thus, this principle is particularly relevant to questions of seabed mining. Find out more about the precautionary principle and why is it being requested in negotiations on seabed mining! 👆 #DeepSeaMining #PrecautionaryPrinciple
  • In 2021, Nauru, a small island developing state, triggered "the two-year rule". It is found in a provision of the 1994 Agreement relating to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. According to this provision, the @isba_hq was required to finalize regulations on the exploitation of seabed mineral resources by July 9, 2023. The procedures to be applied for the two-year rule are still being discussed during these two weeks of negotiations at the #ISA28. What is this rule and what does it mean?
  • From 2000 to 2013, the @isba_hq drew up regulations on prospecting and exploration for deep-sea minerals for each of the three resources currently explored in the deep sea: polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides and cobalt-rich crusts. In accordance with the procedure laid down in these regulations, exploration contracts were awarded to contractors (states and state-sponsored private companies) for an initial term of 15 years. What are these coveted resources that are the subject of the current #ISA28 negotiations?
  • What is the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle, and how it works in the context of the #ISA28? The notion of the Common Heritage of Mankind was introduced at the United Nations in 1970, and was later given legal expression in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Under the UNCLOS, the mineral resources of the "Area" constitute the Common Heritage of Mankind. As such, no single state can appropriate these resources, and their exploitation must be carried out in the name and for the benefit of humanity as a whole. In contrast, coastal states have sovereign rights over the exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of their resources. During this #ISA28 meeting, delegates are invited to remain flexible and try to reach consensus, to continue to make progress on the draft Mining Code, particularly on the provisions relating to the sharing of benefits arising from the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Stay tuned for more infos on what's happening at the @isba_hq Seabed Authority and what's at stake in seabed mining!
  • We follow & cover the ongoing #ISA28 negotiations at @isba_hq, and our authors are on-site observers in Kingston with @deepstewardship! Meet the team 👆 #deepsea #deepseamining
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The #raceforratification is on! The high seas treaty now has 75 signatures, including from the US, Costa Rica, France, UK, the EU and many more. These signatories as well as many others are key supporters for the SARGADOM project. What are the next steps? Now countries must ratify the treaty to reach that critical threshold of 60 ratifications that will bring the treaty into force. A state signing the treaty signifies its intent to ratify, but it does not compel them to do so. Ratification can be a longer process as states must review their laws to make sure they are compatible with the new treaty. We hope that the high ambition coalition will keep the pressure on to ratify this important treaty! Image credits Minna Epps Nichola Clark Kathryn Francis IUCN ocean team
The #raceforratification is on! The high seas treaty now has 75 signatures, including from the US, Costa Rica, France, UK, the EU and many more. These signatories as well as many others are key supporters for the SARGADOM project. What are the next steps? Now countries must ratify the treaty to reach that critical threshold of 60 ratifications that will bring the treaty into force. A state signing the treaty signifies its intent to ratify, but it does not compel them to do so. Ratification can be a longer process as states must review their laws to make sure they are compatible with the new treaty. We hope that the high ambition coalition will keep the pressure on to ratify this important treaty! Image credits Minna Epps Nichola Clark Kathryn Francis IUCN ocean team
The #raceforratification is on! The high seas treaty now has 75 signatures, including from the US, Costa Rica, France, UK, the EU and many more. These signatories as well as many others are key supporters for the SARGADOM project. What are the next steps? Now countries must ratify the treaty to reach that critical threshold of 60 ratifications that will bring the treaty into force. A state signing the treaty signifies its intent to ratify, but it does not compel them to do so. Ratification can be a longer process as states must review their laws to make sure they are compatible with the new treaty. We hope that the high ambition coalition will keep the pressure on to ratify this important treaty! Image credits Minna Epps Nichola Clark Kathryn Francis IUCN ocean team
The #raceforratification is on! The high seas treaty now has 75 signatures, including from the US, Costa Rica, France, UK, the EU and many more. These signatories as well as many others are key supporters for the SARGADOM project. What are the next steps? Now countries must ratify the treaty to reach that critical threshold of 60 ratifications that will bring the treaty into force. A state signing the treaty signifies its intent to ratify, but it does not compel them to do so. Ratification can be a longer process as states must review their laws to make sure they are compatible with the new treaty. We hope that the high ambition coalition will keep the pressure on to ratify this important treaty! Image credits Minna Epps Nichola Clark Kathryn Francis IUCN ocean team
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The #raceforratification is on! The high seas treaty now has 75 signatures, including from the US, Costa Rica, France, UK, the EU and many more. These signatories as well as many others are key supporters for the SARGADOM project. What are the next steps? Now countries must ratify the treaty to reach that critical threshold of 60 ratifications that will bring the treaty into force. A state signing the treaty signifies its intent to ratify, but it does not compel them to do so. Ratification can be a longer process as states must review their laws to make sure they are compatible with the new treaty. We hope that the high ambition coalition will keep the pressure on to ratify this important treaty! Image credits Minna Epps Nichola Clark Kathryn Francis IUCN ocean team
hace 1 día
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1/9
Not so fast! Though the treaty has been signed by almost 70 coutries, it requires 60 RATIFICATIONS to bring it in to force. A state signing the treaty indicates its intent to ratify the treaty later, but it does not compel them to do so. The ratification process can take longer as countries must review and potentially change their national laws to make it compatible with the treaty. The UN fish stocks agreement required 30 ratifications and took 6 years to enter into force, and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea required 60 ratifications and took 12 years to come in to force. With global focus on multilateral cooperation, we sincerely hope that the BBNJ agreement can enter in to force much sooner. The countries that do not ratify the agreement will not be formally bound by it, but further down the line they may find themselves de facto bound by it under customary international law.
@sargadom
@sargadom
•
Seguir
Not so fast! Though the treaty has been signed by almost 70 coutries, it requires 60 RATIFICATIONS to bring it in to force. A state signing the treaty indicates its intent to ratify the treaty later, but it does not compel them to do so. The ratification process can take longer as countries must review and potentially change their national laws to make it compatible with the treaty. The UN fish stocks agreement required 30 ratifications and took 6 years to enter into force, and the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea required 60 ratifications and took 12 years to come in to force. With global focus on multilateral cooperation, we sincerely hope that the BBNJ agreement can enter in to force much sooner. The countries that do not ratify the agreement will not be formally bound by it, but further down the line they may find themselves de facto bound by it under customary international law.
hace 2 días
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2/9
Tiger sharks are named for their distinctive striped skin, which fades as the shark matures. They can grow to large sizes, commonly reaching 10-13 feet, with some females even reaching 16 feet. Tiger sharks are known for eating a wide variety of prey - including fish, sea birds, sea snakes, dolphins, sea turtles, rays and other sharks - and even terrestrial prey where they can reach them like cats, dogs, and rats. Tiger sharks are also known as garbage eaters - license plates, oil cans and tires have been found in their stomachs. The only known recorded natural predator of tiger sharks are orcas. However, tiger sharks are targeted by humans for their fins, flesh, and liver, leading to their status as a near threatened species. Atlantic tiger shark populations have been shown to migrate, spending their winters in the Caribbean, and summers in the mid-Atlantic, including the Sargasso Sea and Bermuda. The Bermuda Tiger Shark Project has allowed researchers to tag sharks and track their migration, and has revealed that most sharks that visit Bermuda are adult males. Tiger sharks also occur in the Thermal Dome, along with many other notable species, including the endangered hammerhead, and vulnerable thresher shark.
@sargadom
@sargadom
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Seguir
Tiger sharks are named for their distinctive striped skin, which fades as the shark matures. They can grow to large sizes, commonly reaching 10-13 feet, with some females even reaching 16 feet. Tiger sharks are known for eating a wide variety of prey - including fish, sea birds, sea snakes, dolphins, sea turtles, rays and other sharks - and even terrestrial prey where they can reach them like cats, dogs, and rats. Tiger sharks are also known as garbage eaters - license plates, oil cans and tires have been found in their stomachs. The only known recorded natural predator of tiger sharks are orcas. However, tiger sharks are targeted by humans for their fins, flesh, and liver, leading to their status as a near threatened species. Atlantic tiger shark populations have been shown to migrate, spending their winters in the Caribbean, and summers in the mid-Atlantic, including the Sargasso Sea and Bermuda. The Bermuda Tiger Shark Project has allowed researchers to tag sharks and track their migration, and has revealed that most sharks that visit Bermuda are adult males. Tiger sharks also occur in the Thermal Dome, along with many other notable species, including the endangered hammerhead, and vulnerable thresher shark.
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3/9
Ahead of this meeting of the #ISA28 Council at @@isba_hq, an international opposition composed of players from all fields has formed against the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Scientists, NGOs, governments and companies have called on the international community to take political action to delay the exploitation of these resources as long as there are scientific uncertainties about their environmental impact. What are the positions of these stakeholders, and what political action are they calling for? #deepseamining
Ahead of this meeting of the #ISA28 Council at @@isba_hq, an international opposition composed of players from all fields has formed against the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Scientists, NGOs, governments and companies have called on the international community to take political action to delay the exploitation of these resources as long as there are scientific uncertainties about their environmental impact. What are the positions of these stakeholders, and what political action are they calling for? #deepseamining
Ahead of this meeting of the #ISA28 Council at @@isba_hq, an international opposition composed of players from all fields has formed against the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Scientists, NGOs, governments and companies have called on the international community to take political action to delay the exploitation of these resources as long as there are scientific uncertainties about their environmental impact. What are the positions of these stakeholders, and what political action are they calling for? #deepseamining
Ahead of this meeting of the #ISA28 Council at @@isba_hq, an international opposition composed of players from all fields has formed against the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Scientists, NGOs, governments and companies have called on the international community to take political action to delay the exploitation of these resources as long as there are scientific uncertainties about their environmental impact. What are the positions of these stakeholders, and what political action are they calling for? #deepseamining
Ahead of this meeting of the #ISA28 Council at @@isba_hq, an international opposition composed of players from all fields has formed against the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Scientists, NGOs, governments and companies have called on the international community to take political action to delay the exploitation of these resources as long as there are scientific uncertainties about their environmental impact. What are the positions of these stakeholders, and what political action are they calling for? #deepseamining
@sargadom
@sargadom
•
Seguir
Ahead of this meeting of the #ISA28 Council at @@isba_hq, an international opposition composed of players from all fields has formed against the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Scientists, NGOs, governments and companies have called on the international community to take political action to delay the exploitation of these resources as long as there are scientific uncertainties about their environmental impact. What are the positions of these stakeholders, and what political action are they calling for? #deepseamining
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4/9
The precautionary principle is a well-established element of international law, which requires a precautionary approach to environmental issues when there is scientific uncertainty about the possible negative impacts of an activity. It is part of a system of rules designed to guide States' decision-making towards the goal of environmentally sustainable development. Thus, this principle is particularly relevant to questions of seabed mining. Find out more about the precautionary principle and why is it being requested in negotiations on seabed mining! 👆 #DeepSeaMining #PrecautionaryPrinciple
The precautionary principle is a well-established element of international law, which requires a precautionary approach to environmental issues when there is scientific uncertainty about the possible negative impacts of an activity. It is part of a system of rules designed to guide States' decision-making towards the goal of environmentally sustainable development. Thus, this principle is particularly relevant to questions of seabed mining. Find out more about the precautionary principle and why is it being requested in negotiations on seabed mining! 👆 #DeepSeaMining #PrecautionaryPrinciple
The precautionary principle is a well-established element of international law, which requires a precautionary approach to environmental issues when there is scientific uncertainty about the possible negative impacts of an activity. It is part of a system of rules designed to guide States' decision-making towards the goal of environmentally sustainable development. Thus, this principle is particularly relevant to questions of seabed mining. Find out more about the precautionary principle and why is it being requested in negotiations on seabed mining! 👆 #DeepSeaMining #PrecautionaryPrinciple
The precautionary principle is a well-established element of international law, which requires a precautionary approach to environmental issues when there is scientific uncertainty about the possible negative impacts of an activity. It is part of a system of rules designed to guide States' decision-making towards the goal of environmentally sustainable development. Thus, this principle is particularly relevant to questions of seabed mining. Find out more about the precautionary principle and why is it being requested in negotiations on seabed mining! 👆 #DeepSeaMining #PrecautionaryPrinciple
The precautionary principle is a well-established element of international law, which requires a precautionary approach to environmental issues when there is scientific uncertainty about the possible negative impacts of an activity. It is part of a system of rules designed to guide States' decision-making towards the goal of environmentally sustainable development. Thus, this principle is particularly relevant to questions of seabed mining. Find out more about the precautionary principle and why is it being requested in negotiations on seabed mining! 👆 #DeepSeaMining #PrecautionaryPrinciple
@sargadom
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The precautionary principle is a well-established element of international law, which requires a precautionary approach to environmental issues when there is scientific uncertainty about the possible negative impacts of an activity. It is part of a system of rules designed to guide States' decision-making towards the goal of environmentally sustainable development. Thus, this principle is particularly relevant to questions of seabed mining. Find out more about the precautionary principle and why is it being requested in negotiations on seabed mining! 👆 #DeepSeaMining #PrecautionaryPrinciple
hace 2 meses
Ver en Instagram |
5/9
In 2021, Nauru, a small island developing state, triggered "the two-year rule". It is found in a provision of the 1994 Agreement relating to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. According to this provision, the @isba_hq was required to finalize regulations on the exploitation of seabed mineral resources by July 9, 2023. The procedures to be applied for the two-year rule are still being discussed during these two weeks of negotiations at the #ISA28. What is this rule and what does it mean?
In 2021, Nauru, a small island developing state, triggered "the two-year rule". It is found in a provision of the 1994 Agreement relating to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. According to this provision, the @isba_hq was required to finalize regulations on the exploitation of seabed mineral resources by July 9, 2023. The procedures to be applied for the two-year rule are still being discussed during these two weeks of negotiations at the #ISA28. What is this rule and what does it mean?
In 2021, Nauru, a small island developing state, triggered "the two-year rule". It is found in a provision of the 1994 Agreement relating to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. According to this provision, the @isba_hq was required to finalize regulations on the exploitation of seabed mineral resources by July 9, 2023. The procedures to be applied for the two-year rule are still being discussed during these two weeks of negotiations at the #ISA28. What is this rule and what does it mean?
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In 2021, Nauru, a small island developing state, triggered "the two-year rule". It is found in a provision of the 1994 Agreement relating to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. According to this provision, the @isba_hq was required to finalize regulations on the exploitation of seabed mineral resources by July 9, 2023. The procedures to be applied for the two-year rule are still being discussed during these two weeks of negotiations at the #ISA28. What is this rule and what does it mean?
hace 2 meses
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6/9
From 2000 to 2013, the @isba_hq drew up regulations on prospecting and exploration for deep-sea minerals for each of the three resources currently explored in the deep sea: polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides and cobalt-rich crusts. In accordance with the procedure laid down in these regulations, exploration contracts were awarded to contractors (states and state-sponsored private companies) for an initial term of 15 years. What are these coveted resources that are the subject of the current #ISA28 negotiations?
From 2000 to 2013, the @isba_hq drew up regulations on prospecting and exploration for deep-sea minerals for each of the three resources currently explored in the deep sea: polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides and cobalt-rich crusts. In accordance with the procedure laid down in these regulations, exploration contracts were awarded to contractors (states and state-sponsored private companies) for an initial term of 15 years. What are these coveted resources that are the subject of the current #ISA28 negotiations?
From 2000 to 2013, the @isba_hq drew up regulations on prospecting and exploration for deep-sea minerals for each of the three resources currently explored in the deep sea: polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides and cobalt-rich crusts. In accordance with the procedure laid down in these regulations, exploration contracts were awarded to contractors (states and state-sponsored private companies) for an initial term of 15 years. What are these coveted resources that are the subject of the current #ISA28 negotiations?
From 2000 to 2013, the @isba_hq drew up regulations on prospecting and exploration for deep-sea minerals for each of the three resources currently explored in the deep sea: polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides and cobalt-rich crusts. In accordance with the procedure laid down in these regulations, exploration contracts were awarded to contractors (states and state-sponsored private companies) for an initial term of 15 years. What are these coveted resources that are the subject of the current #ISA28 negotiations?
From 2000 to 2013, the @isba_hq drew up regulations on prospecting and exploration for deep-sea minerals for each of the three resources currently explored in the deep sea: polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides and cobalt-rich crusts. In accordance with the procedure laid down in these regulations, exploration contracts were awarded to contractors (states and state-sponsored private companies) for an initial term of 15 years. What are these coveted resources that are the subject of the current #ISA28 negotiations?
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From 2000 to 2013, the @isba_hq drew up regulations on prospecting and exploration for deep-sea minerals for each of the three resources currently explored in the deep sea: polymetallic nodules, polymetallic sulfides and cobalt-rich crusts. In accordance with the procedure laid down in these regulations, exploration contracts were awarded to contractors (states and state-sponsored private companies) for an initial term of 15 years. What are these coveted resources that are the subject of the current #ISA28 negotiations?
hace 2 meses
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7/9
What is the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle, and how it works in the context of the #ISA28? The notion of the Common Heritage of Mankind was introduced at the United Nations in 1970, and was later given legal expression in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Under the UNCLOS, the mineral resources of the "Area" constitute the Common Heritage of Mankind. As such, no single state can appropriate these resources, and their exploitation must be carried out in the name and for the benefit of humanity as a whole. In contrast, coastal states have sovereign rights over the exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of their resources. During this #ISA28 meeting, delegates are invited to remain flexible and try to reach consensus, to continue to make progress on the draft Mining Code, particularly on the provisions relating to the sharing of benefits arising from the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Stay tuned for more infos on what's happening at the @isba_hq Seabed Authority and what's at stake in seabed mining!
What is the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle, and how it works in the context of the #ISA28? The notion of the Common Heritage of Mankind was introduced at the United Nations in 1970, and was later given legal expression in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Under the UNCLOS, the mineral resources of the "Area" constitute the Common Heritage of Mankind. As such, no single state can appropriate these resources, and their exploitation must be carried out in the name and for the benefit of humanity as a whole. In contrast, coastal states have sovereign rights over the exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of their resources. During this #ISA28 meeting, delegates are invited to remain flexible and try to reach consensus, to continue to make progress on the draft Mining Code, particularly on the provisions relating to the sharing of benefits arising from the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Stay tuned for more infos on what's happening at the @isba_hq Seabed Authority and what's at stake in seabed mining!
What is the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle, and how it works in the context of the #ISA28? The notion of the Common Heritage of Mankind was introduced at the United Nations in 1970, and was later given legal expression in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Under the UNCLOS, the mineral resources of the "Area" constitute the Common Heritage of Mankind. As such, no single state can appropriate these resources, and their exploitation must be carried out in the name and for the benefit of humanity as a whole. In contrast, coastal states have sovereign rights over the exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of their resources. During this #ISA28 meeting, delegates are invited to remain flexible and try to reach consensus, to continue to make progress on the draft Mining Code, particularly on the provisions relating to the sharing of benefits arising from the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Stay tuned for more infos on what's happening at the @isba_hq Seabed Authority and what's at stake in seabed mining!
What is the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle, and how it works in the context of the #ISA28? The notion of the Common Heritage of Mankind was introduced at the United Nations in 1970, and was later given legal expression in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Under the UNCLOS, the mineral resources of the "Area" constitute the Common Heritage of Mankind. As such, no single state can appropriate these resources, and their exploitation must be carried out in the name and for the benefit of humanity as a whole. In contrast, coastal states have sovereign rights over the exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of their resources. During this #ISA28 meeting, delegates are invited to remain flexible and try to reach consensus, to continue to make progress on the draft Mining Code, particularly on the provisions relating to the sharing of benefits arising from the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Stay tuned for more infos on what's happening at the @isba_hq Seabed Authority and what's at stake in seabed mining!
@sargadom
@sargadom
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Seguir
What is the Common Heritage of Mankind Principle, and how it works in the context of the #ISA28? The notion of the Common Heritage of Mankind was introduced at the United Nations in 1970, and was later given legal expression in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. Under the UNCLOS, the mineral resources of the "Area" constitute the Common Heritage of Mankind. As such, no single state can appropriate these resources, and their exploitation must be carried out in the name and for the benefit of humanity as a whole. In contrast, coastal states have sovereign rights over the exploration, exploitation, conservation and management of their resources. During this #ISA28 meeting, delegates are invited to remain flexible and try to reach consensus, to continue to make progress on the draft Mining Code, particularly on the provisions relating to the sharing of benefits arising from the exploitation of seabed mineral resources. Stay tuned for more infos on what's happening at the @isba_hq Seabed Authority and what's at stake in seabed mining!
hace 2 meses
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8/9
We follow & cover the ongoing #ISA28 negotiations at @isba_hq, and our authors are on-site observers in Kingston with @deepstewardship! Meet the team 👆 #deepsea #deepseamining
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We follow & cover the ongoing #ISA28 negotiations at @isba_hq, and our authors are on-site observers in Kingston with @deepstewardship! Meet the team 👆 #deepsea #deepseamining
hace 2 meses
Ver en Instagram |
9/9
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